Verticalização de cuidados psiquiátricos de uma operadora de saúde

Marcio Luiz de Oliveira Lima

Resumo


Introdução: Os transtornos mentais, nas últimas décadas, têm sido reconhecidos como uma das principais causas de incapacidade em todo o mundo, acometendo uma a cada quatro pessoas e representando um a cada seis anos de incapacidade. Frente ao despreparo dos sistemas de saúde, públicos e privados, bem como as dificuldades no acompanhamento adequado dos pacientes de saúde mental, o cuidado colaborativo/ integrado mostra-se como importante ferramenta para condução das mudanças assistenciais. A verticalização emerge como uma abordagem promissora para lidar com essa complexa questão, que envolve não apenas a prestação de serviços de saúde mental, mas também a superação do estigma histórico que tem cercado os pacientes de saúde mental. Para que a verticalização, em especial na saúde mental, seja eficaz, é essencial que haja uma mudança cultural dentro das organizações de saúde privadas, bem como na sociedade em geral. Isso requer educação, sensibilização e treinamento adequado, a fim de garantir que todos os pacientes sejam tratados com equidade e compreensão. Objetivos: compreender se a verticalização em psiquiatria gera redução de custos e modifica os desfechos clínicos em pacientes de uma Operadora de Planos de Saúde de São Paulo/SP. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualiquantitativa, transversal e exploratória, com dados de pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos mentais, coletados entre 2018 e 2022 de uma operadora de saúde privada de São Paulo/SP. Resultados: o tempo de permanência dos pacientes psiquiátricos diminuiu ao longo dos anos, sendo que os valores medianos maiores foram evidenciados na rede credenciada, bem como a dispersão dos dados. Observou-se uma variabilidade alta na rede credenciada e medianas menores nos anos de 2021 e 2022, com diferença estatística em todos os períodos (P<0.001), exceto para 2020. Na rede credenciada observa-se um custo maior quando comparado a rede própria, sendo diferente estatisticamente entre os tipos de rede ao longo dos anos (p<0.001). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou bons indícios que estruturas privadas de saúde podem protagonizar o cuidado de saúde de pacientes de saúde mental, desde que consiga estruturar uma linha de cuidado específica, gerir a carteira desses pacientes, garantir acesso, construir e gerenciar indicadores de qualidade, monitoramento e desfecho.

Palavras-chave: saúde mental, seguro saúde, psiquiatria.

 

Verticalization of psychiatric care from a healthcare provider

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Mental disorders, in recent decades, have been recognized as one of the main causes of disability worldwide, affecting one in every four people and representing one in every six years of disability. Faced with the lack of preparation of public and private health systems, as well as the difficulties in adequately monitoring mental health patients, collaborative/integrated care appears to be an important tool for driving care changes. Vertical integration emerges as a promising approach to dealing with this complex issue, which involves not only the provision of mental health services, but also overcoming the historical stigma that has surrounded mental health patients. For vertical integration, especially in mental health, to be effective, it is essential that there is a cultural change within private health organizations, as well as in society in general. This requires education, awareness and appropriate training to ensure that all patients are treated with equity and understanding. Objective: To understand whether verticalization in psychiatry generates cost savings and changes clinical outcomes in patients of a Health Plan Operator in São Paulo. Materials and methods: Case study, of an applied nature, with a qualitative and quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory approach, with data from patients diagnosed with mental disorders, collected between 2018 and 2022 from a private healthcare provider in São Paulo. Results: The length of stay of psychiatric patients has decreased over the years, with higher median values being evident in the accredited network, as well as data dispersion. There is high variability in the accredited network and lower medians in 2021 and 2022, with a statistical difference in all periods (P<0.001), except for 2020. In the accredited network, a higher cost is observed when compared to the own network, being statistically different between the types of networks over the years (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed good evidence that private healthcare structures can provide healthcare for mental health patients, if they can structure a specific line of care, manage these patients' portfolios, guarantee access, build and manage quality indicators, monitoring and outcome.

Keywords: mental health, insurance health, psychiatric.


Texto completo:

HTML PDF

Referências


Assefa MT, Ford JH, Osborne E et al. Implementing integrated services in routine behavioral health care: primary outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19, 749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4624-x

Moise N, Wainberg M, Shah RN. Primary care and mental health: Where do we go from here? World J Psychiatr 2021; 11(7): 271-276. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.271

Dias BM, Badagnan HF, Marchetti SP, Zanetti ACB. Gastos com internações psiquiátricas no estado de São Paulo: estudo ecológico descritivo, 2014 e 2019. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2021; 30(2): e2020907. DOI: https://doi,org/10.1590/51679-49742021000200024

Simon J, Mayer S, Łaszewska A et al. Cost and quality-of-life impacts of community treatment orders (CTOs) for patients with psychosis: economic evaluation of the OCTET trial. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56: 85–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01919-4

Kronenberg C, Doran T, Goddard M, Kendrick T, Gilbody S, Dare CR, Aylott L, Jacobs R. Identifying primary care quality indicators for people with serious mental illness: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2017; 67(661):e519-e530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17X691721.

Yonek J, Lee CM, Harrison A, Mangurian C, Tolou-Shams M. Key Components of Effective Pediatric Integrated Mental Health Care Models: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(5):487-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0023

Sarakbi D, Graves E, King G, et al Gift of time: learning together to embed a palliative approach to care in long-term care BMJ Open Quality. 2022; 11:e001581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001581

Liao SJ, Chao SM, Fang YW, Rong JR, Hsieh CJ. The Effectiveness of the Integrated Care Model among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Depression: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 11;19(6):3306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063306

Brasil. Ministério da saúde, da família e dos direitos humanos, 2022. https://www.gov.br/mdh/pt-br.

Youssef A, Chaudhary ZK, Wiljer D, Mylopoulos M, Sockalingam S. Mapping Evidence of Patients' Experiences in Integrated Care: A Scoping Review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2019; 61:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.08.004

Karaca Z, Moore BJ. Costs of Emergency Department Visits for Mental and Substance Use Disorders in the United States, 2017. 2020 May 12. In: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 2006; Feb -. Statistical Brief #257. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558212/

König H, König HH, Gallinat J et al. Excess costs of mental disorders by level of severity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2023; 58:973–985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02298-8

Caballer-Tarazona V, Zuniga-Lagares A, Reyes-Santias F. Analysis of hospital costs by mobidity group for patients with severe mental illness. Annals of Medicine. 2022; 54(1):858-866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2048884

Errichetti KS, Flynn A, Gaitan E, Ramirez MM, Baker M, Xuan Z. Randomized Trial of Reverse Colocated Integrated Care on Persons with Severe, Persistent Mental Illness in Southern Texas. J Gen Intern Med. 2020; 35(7):2035-2042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05778-2.

Menear M, Gilbert M & Fleury MJ. Améliorer la santé mentale des populations par l’intégration des soins de santé mentale aux soins primaires Improving population mental health by integrating mental health care into primary care. Santé mentale au Québec. 2017; 42(1):243-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1040253ar

Adaji A, Fortney J. Telepsychiatry in Integrated Care Settings. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2017; 15(3):257-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20170007

Garneau HC, Assefa MT, Jo B, Ford JH 2nd, Saldana L, McGovern MP. Sustainment of Integrated Care in Addiction Treatment Settings: Primary Outcomes From a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2022; 1;73(3):280-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000293

Wakida EK, Talib, ZM, Akena, D. et al. Barriers and facilitators to the integration of mental health services into primary health care: a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2018; 7, 211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0882-7

Amaral CEM,Treichel CA dos S, Francisco PMSB, Onocko-Camois RT. Assistência à saúde mental no Brasil: estudo multifacetado em quatro grandes cidades. Cad Saúde Pública. 2021; 37(3):e00043420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-311X00043420

Caballer-Tarazona V, Zuniga-Lagares A, Reyes-Santias F. Analysis of hospital costs by morbidity group for patients with severe mental illness. Annals of Medicine. 2022;54(1), 858-866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2048884

Bruce ML, Sirey JA. Integrated Care for Depression in Older Primary Care Patients. Can J Psychiatry. 2018; 63(7):439-446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718760292

Zhang Q, O'Hara M, McCormick C, Lingohr-Smith M, Borentain S, Mathews M, Joshi K, Anjo J, Lin J. Patient profiles, initial hospital encounter characteristics, and hospital re-encounters of patients with a hospital emergency department visit or inpatient admission for major depressive disorder. J Med Econ. 2022; 25(1):172-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2022.2031202

Michel M, Hariz AJ, Chevreul K. Association of mental disorders with costs of somatic admissions in France. Encephale. 2023; 49(5):453-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2022.04.003

Jacobs R, Aylott L, Dare C, Doran T, Gilbody S, Goddard M, Gravelle H, Gutacker N, Kasteridis P, Kendrick T, Mason A, Rice N, Ride J, Siddiqi N, Williams R. The association between primary care quality and health-care use, costs and outcomes for people with serious mental illness: a retrospective observational study. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library. 2020; PMID: 32550675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08250

Machta RM, Reschovsky J, Jones DJ, Furukawa MF, Rich EC. Can vertically integrated health systems provide greater value: The case of hospitals under the comprehensive care for joint replacement model? Health Serv Res. 2020; 55(4):541-547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13313




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23973/ras.95.384

Apontamentos

  • Não há apontamentos.


_______________________________________________

Revista de Administração em Saúde
ISSN 2526-3528 (online)

Associação Brasileira de Medicina Preventiva e Administração em Saúde
Avenida Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 278 - 7o andar
CEP 01318-901 - São Paulo-SP
Telefone: (11) 3188-4213 - E-mail: ras@apm.org.br